The largest ancient amphitheater ever built, and still standing, the Colosseum is arguably the most impressive building of the Roman Empire.

The Colosseum, or the Coliseum, originally the Flavian Amphitheatre, is an elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy, the largest ever built in the Roman Empire. It is considered one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and Roman engineering. /n Occupying a site just east of the Roman Forum, its construction started in 72 AD under the emperor Vespasian and was completed in 80 AD under Titus, with further modifications being made during Domitian's reign (81–96). The name 'Colosseum' is believed to be derived from a colossal statue of Nero nearby.

The Colosseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, is an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome.

The Roman Forum is an iconic archaeological site in Rome with ruins of ancient government buildings. Palatine Hill is one of the most ancient parts of the city, steeped in mythology and history.

The Roman Forum, once the heart of the Roman Empire, is a sprawling complex of ruined temples, basilicas, and arches. It's like stepping back in time, walking the same streets that Caesar once did. /n The Palatine Hill is the most central of Rome's seven hills and offers stunning views over the city. It's also home to the ruins of palaces of Roman emperors and aristocrats, making it a fascinating place to explore for anyone interested in history and architecture.

The Roman Forum and Palatine Hill are ancient sites, offering a glimpse into Rome's past.

The Christmas Market at Piazza Navona is a must-visit for holiday shoppers. With a variety of stalls offering everything from food to crafts, it's a festive experience not to be missed.

The Christmas Market at Piazza Navona is a beloved annual tradition in Rome. Each year, the square is transformed into a festive marketplace, filled with stalls selling a variety of goods. From handmade crafts to delicious food, there's something for everyone. /n The market is also known for its lively atmosphere, with street performers and musicians adding to the festive spirit. Whether you're looking for unique gifts or just want to soak up the holiday atmosphere, the Christmas Market at Piazza Navona is a must-visit.

A festive market held annually at Piazza Navona, offering a variety of goods.

St. Peter's Basilica and Square is a must-visit for any trip to Rome. The basilica is a stunning example of Renaissance architecture, while the square is a grand, open space that's often filled with pilgrims.

St. Peter's Basilica and Square is one of the most iconic sites in Rome. The basilica, designed by famous architects including Michelangelo and Bernini, is a stunning example of Renaissance architecture. Inside, you'll find a wealth of art and history, including Michelangelo's Pieta. /n The square, meanwhile, is a grand, open space that's often filled with pilgrims from around the world. With its impressive colonnades and central obelisk, it's a sight to behold in its own right. Whether you're a history buff, an art lover, or a religious pilgrim, St. Peter's Basilica and Square is a must-visit.

Iconic religious site featuring a stunning basilica and expansive square.

The Christmas Eve Mass at St. Peter's Basilica is a deeply moving experience. Held in one of the most iconic religious sites in the world, it's a special way to celebrate the holiday.

The Christmas Eve Mass at St. Peter's Basilica is a deeply moving experience. Held in one of the most iconic religious sites in the world, it's a special way to celebrate the holiday. The mass is led by the Pope and is attended by thousands of people from around the world. /n The basilica itself is a stunning backdrop for the service, with its beautiful architecture and rich history adding to the atmosphere. Whether you're a devout Catholic or simply interested in experiencing a unique cultural event, the Christmas Eve Mass at St. Peter's Basilica is a must-see.

A special mass held at St. Peter's Basilica on Christmas Eve.

A former Roman temple, now a church, with a massive dome and ancient Roman architecture.

The Pantheon, a former Roman temple now a church, is one of the best-preserved of all Ancient Roman buildings. It has been in continuous use throughout its history. Its dome, with its famous hole at the top (the oculus), is still the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome. /n The design of the Pantheon is a perfect study in symmetry and proportion, with the diameter of the dome equal to the height of the building. Inside, you can find the tombs of several important Italians, including the artist Raphael. The Pantheon is a testament to the genius of Roman architects and their revolutionary use of concrete and design.

The Pantheon is a former Roman temple, now a church, known for its perfect proportions.

The Capitoline Museums are a single museum containing a group of art and archaeological museums in Piazza del Campidoglio, on top of the Capitoline Hill in Rome, Italy. The historic seats of the museums are Palazzo dei Conservatori and Palazzo Nuovo.

The Capitoline Museums are a group of art and archaeological museums located in Piazza del Campidoglio in Rome. They house a vast collection of ancient Roman statues, inscriptions, and other artifacts. The museums were founded in the 15th century, and they're considered to be the world's first public museums. /n The museums offer a fascinating insight into the ancient Roman culture and history, and they're a must-visit destination for any history enthusiast. The Capitoline Museums are not just museums, but also a testament to the rich history and cultural heritage of Rome.

A group of art and archaeological museums in Piazza del Campidoglio.

The Tiber River is the third-longest river in Italy and it runs through the city of Rome. There are many tours available that take you along the river, offering a unique perspective of the city.

The Tiber River is the third-longest river in Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing 406 kilometers through Umbria and Lazio, where it is joined by the Aniene river, to the Tyrrhenian Sea. /n It has been an important waterway since ancient times, and its banks are dotted with monuments and landmarks, making it a popular tourist attraction.

The third-longest river in Italy, important in the history and mythology of Rome.

The Auditorium Parco della Musica is a large public music complex in Rome, Italy. It is a hub for cultural and entertainment activities, hosting concerts, film festivals, and other events.

The Auditorium Parco della Musica is a multi-functional public music complex in Rome, Italy. Designed by renowned architect Renzo Piano, it is one of the most visited music facilities in the world. The complex comprises three large concert halls and an open-air amphitheater, which collectively host a wide range of cultural and entertainment activities, including concerts, film festivals, and exhibitions. /n The Auditorium is more than just a venue for music. It is a place where culture and community come together. Its unique architecture and design make it a landmark in its own right. The complex also houses a music library, bookshops, bars, and restaurants, making it a popular destination for both locals and tourists. The Auditorium Parco della Musica is a testament to Rome's commitment to promoting culture and the arts.

A modern multi-functional complex in Rome, Auditorium Parco della Musica hosts a variety of events.

One of the largest and best preserved ancient thermal complexes, it offers a glimpse into the social life of Roman times.

The Baths of Caracalla are one of the largest and best preserved examples of an ancient bath complex in Rome. Built in the early 3rd century AD, they were a place for bathing, socializing, and studying. /n The baths were free and open to the public, and could accommodate up to 1,600 bathers. The complex included a gymnasium, libraries, and shops selling food and drink. Today, the ruins are a popular tourist attraction, offering a glimpse into the daily life of ancient Rome.

One of the largest and best preserved examples of an ancient bath complex, built in the early 3rd century AD.

The Catacombs of St. Callixtus are a fascinating glimpse into Rome's past. This ancient underground cemetery is known for its historical significance and unique architecture.

The Catacombs of St. Callixtus are a fascinating glimpse into Rome's past. This ancient underground cemetery, one of the largest and most important in Rome, is known for its historical significance and unique architecture. /n The catacombs are a labyrinth of tunnels and chambers, filled with early Christian art and inscriptions. They're a testament to the city's rich history and a must-visit for anyone interested in archaeology or early Christian history. Whether you're exploring the catacombs on your own or taking a guided tour, it's a unique and unforgettable experience.

An ancient underground cemetery, known for its historical significance.

The Christmas Market at Piazza di Spagna is a festive experience, offering a variety of goods and a lively atmosphere during the holiday season.

The Christmas Market at Piazza di Spagna is a festive experience, offering a variety of goods and a lively atmosphere during the holiday season. The market features a variety of stalls selling everything from food to crafts, making it a great place to find unique gifts or souvenirs. /n The market is also known for its festive atmosphere, with the square beautifully decorated for the season and filled with the sounds of carolers and street performers. Whether you're shopping for gifts or just soaking up the holiday spirit, the Christmas Market at Piazza di Spagna is a must-visit.

A festive market held at Piazza di Spagna during the Christmas season.

The Spanish Steps and Trevi Fountain are two of Rome's most iconic landmarks. Both are known for their beauty and history, and are must-see attractions for any visitor to the city.

The Spanish Steps and Trevi Fountain are two of Rome's most iconic landmarks. The Spanish Steps, with their elegant design and stunning views of the city, are a popular spot for tourists and locals alike. The Trevi Fountain, meanwhile, is one of the most famous fountains in the world. /n Both landmarks are steeped in history and are known for their beauty. Whether you're climbing the steps for the views, making a wish at the fountain, or simply soaking up the atmosphere, these are must-see attractions for any visitor to Rome.

Two of Rome's most iconic landmarks, known for their beauty and history.

The Vatican Museums are the public art and sculpture museums in the Vatican City. They display works from the immense collection amassed by the Roman Catholic Church and the Papacy throughout the centuries including several of the most renowned Roman sculptures and most important masterpieces of Renaissance art in the world. The Sistine Chapel with its ceiling decorated by Michelangelo and the Stanze di Raffaello decorated by Raphael are on the visitor route through the Vatican Museums.

The Vatican Museums and Sistine Chapel are a must-visit for any art and history lover. The museums house an extensive collection of art and historical artifacts, including works by Michelangelo, Raphael, and many other great artists. /n The Sistine Chapel, with its famous ceiling painted by Michelangelo, is one of the highlights of the Vatican Museums. It's a breathtaking sight that leaves visitors in awe. The museums also offer a fascinating insight into the history and culture of the Vatican City and the Catholic Church.

Home to an extensive collection of art and historical artifacts, the Vatican Museums and Sistine Chapel are a must-visit.

Villa Borghese Gardens and Borghese Gallery offer a perfect blend of nature and culture. The gardens are a peaceful retreat, while the gallery houses an impressive collection of art.

Villa Borghese Gardens and Borghese Gallery are two of Rome's most beloved attractions. The gardens, one of the largest and most beautiful in the city, offer a peaceful retreat from the hustle and bustle of Rome. With their manicured lawns, stunning fountains, and beautiful views, they're a perfect place for a leisurely stroll. /n The Borghese Gallery, meanwhile, houses an impressive collection of art, including works by masters such as Caravaggio, Bernini, and Titian. Whether you're an art lover or just looking for a peaceful spot to relax, Villa Borghese Gardens and Borghese Gallery are a must-visit.

A beautiful park and art gallery located in the heart of Rome.

Experience the timeless allure of Rome, Italy's captivating capital. Walk through centuries of history at iconic landmarks like the Colosseum, Roman Forum, and the Pantheon. Marvel at the Vatican City, home to St. Peter's Basilica and the Sistine Chapel, showcasing Michelangelo's masterpieces. Wander through charming piazzas, like Piazza Navona and Piazza di Spagna, and indulge in authentic Italian cuisine at local trattorias. Explore the vibrant Trastevere neighborhood, known for its bohemian atmosphere and nightlife. Don't forget to toss a coin in the Trevi Fountain, ensuring your return to this eternal city. Whether you're a history buff, foodie, or art lover, Rome offers an unforgettable journey into the heart of Italian culture.

Colosseum

Roman Forum and Palatine Hill

Christmas Market at Piazza Navona

Start your day with a visit to the Colosseum, one of the most iconic landmarks of Rome. Enjoy a guided tour and learn about the gladiatorial games that took place here during the Roman Empire.

Enjoy a traditional Italian lunch in a local eatery in the Monti district, known for its bohemian atmosphere and charming cobblestone streets.

Visit the Roman Forum and Palatine Hill, where you can explore ancient ruins and enjoy panoramic views of the city.

Have dinner in Trastevere, a picturesque neighborhood known for its vibrant nightlife and excellent restaurants.

Experience the Christmas Market at Piazza Navona, where you can shop for unique gifts, enjoy festive treats, and admire the beautiful Christmas lights.

Exploring Ancient Rome and Christmas Market at Piazza Navona

St. Peter's Basilica and Square

Christmas Eve Mass at St. Peter's Basilica

Visit the Vatican Museums and the Sistine Chapel, where you can admire the stunning works of art, including Michelangelo's famous frescoes.

Have lunch in the Prati district, known for its wide variety of restaurants and cafes.

Explore St. Peter's Basilica and Square, where you can admire the stunning architecture and enjoy the festive decorations.

Enjoy a romantic dinner in the elegant Aventino district, known for its beautiful gardens and stunning views of the city.

Attend the Christmas Eve Mass at St. Peter's Basilica, a truly unique and memorable experience.

Vatican City Tour and Christmas Eve Mass at St. Peter's Basilica

Pantheon

Capitoline Museums

Tiber River

Visit the Pantheon, one of the best-preserved ancient buildings in Rome. Admire its stunning architecture and learn about its fascinating history.

Have lunch in the historic Jewish Ghetto, known for its unique culinary traditions and charming atmosphere.

Explore the Capitoline Museums, where you can admire a vast collection of ancient Roman artifacts and works of art.

Have dinner in the trendy Testaccio district, known for its vibrant nightlife and excellent restaurants.

Take a romantic stroll along the Tiber River and enjoy the beautiful Christmas lights reflecting on the water.

Historic Sites and Christmas Lights along the Tiber River

Auditorium Parco della Musica

Visit the Spanish Steps, a popular gathering spot that offers stunning views of the city. Don't forget to make a wish at the Trevi Fountain nearby.

Enjoy a leisurely lunch in the elegant Via Veneto district, known for its luxury boutiques and upscale restaurants.

Explore the Villa Borghese Gardens, where you can enjoy a romantic boat ride on the lake or visit the Borghese Gallery, home to a vast collection of art.

Have dinner in the charming Campo de' Fiori district, known for its lively atmosphere and excellent restaurants.

Attend a Christmas concert at the Auditorium Parco della Musica, a modern music complex that hosts a variety of performances.

Romantic Spots and Christmas Concert at Auditorium Parco della Musica

Baths of Caracalla

Catacombs of St. Callixtus

Christmas Market at Piazza di Spagna

Visit the Baths of Caracalla, one of the largest and best preserved ancient thermal complexes. Take a guided tour to learn about its history and architecture.

Have lunch in the vibrant San Lorenzo district, known for its bohemian atmosphere and wide variety of eateries.

Explore the Catacombs of St. Callixtus, where you can discover the ancient Christian burial sites and learn about their historical significance.

Enjoy a farewell dinner in the picturesque Piazza della Rotonda, where you can admire the stunning views of the Pantheon.

End your trip with a visit to the Christmas Market at Piazza di Spagna, where you can enjoy the festive atmosphere and pick up some last-minute gifts.

Off-the-Beaten-Path Attractions and Christmas Market at Piazza di Spagna

Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March, ends last Sunday in October

UTC+1

Rome's public transportation system includes buses, trams, metro (subway), and suburban trains. The metro has three lines (A, B, and C) that can take you to many of the city's main attractions. Buses and trams cover the entire city and are a good option for reaching places not served by the metro.

Taxis are plentiful in Rome and can be hailed on the street, found at taxi stands, or called by phone. All official taxis are white and have a 'TAXI' sign on the roof. They are metered, so the cost will depend on the distance and time of travel.

Ridesharing services like Uber are available in Rome. They can be a convenient option for getting around, especially if you're not familiar with the city's public transportation system. However, they can be more expensive than taxis or public transportation.

Rome has several bike rental companies, and the city is increasingly becoming more bike-friendly with the addition of bike lanes. Biking can be a fun and active way to explore the city, but be aware that Rome's hilly terrain and chaotic traffic can be challenging.

Renting a car can give you the freedom to explore Rome at your own pace. However, driving in Rome can be stressful due to heavy traffic, narrow streets, and limited parking. Additionally, the city center is a restricted traffic zone (ZTL) where only authorized vehicles are allowed.

Many of Rome's attractions are within walking distance of each other, especially in the historic city center. Walking can be a pleasant way to explore the city, but be prepared for cobblestone streets and occasional lack of sidewalks.

Renting a scooter can be a fun and efficient way to get around Rome. However, this option is best for those who are experienced in riding scooters and comfortable navigating Rome's busy streets.

Private tours, often with a chauffeur, can be a comfortable and convenient way to see Rome's sights. These can be customized to your interests and typically include pick-up and drop-off at your accommodation.

Hop-on hop-off bus tours are a popular way to see Rome's main attractions. These double-decker buses follow a specific route and you can get on and off as many times as you like at the designated stops.

A popular street food in Rome, Pizza al Taglio is a rectangular pizza that is sold by weight. It's a must-try for its variety of toppings and authentic Roman style.

Pizza al Taglio

A classic Roman pasta dish made with egg, Pecorino Romano cheese, guanciale (pork jowl), and black pepper. It's a staple in Roman cuisine.

Carbonara

These are Italian snacks made of risotto, usually filled with mozzarella, coated with bread crumbs and then deep-fried. They are a popular appetizer in Rome.

Supplì

Another classic Roman pasta dish, Cacio e Pepe is made with Pecorino Romano cheese and black pepper. It's simple yet full of flavor.

Cacio e Pepe

A traditional Roman main course, Saltimbocca alla Romana is made of veal lined or topped with prosciutto and sage, and marinated in wine, oil or saltwater.

Saltimbocca alla Romana

Artichokes are a staple in Roman cuisine. They are usually fried (Carciofi alla Giudia) or braised with herbs and garlic (Carciofi alla Romana).

Roman Artichokes

A popular Italian starter, Bruschetta is grilled bread rubbed with garlic and topped with diced tomatoes, fresh basil, and sometimes mozzarella.

Bruschetta

Gelato is Italian ice cream and is a must-try when in Rome. It's denser and milkier than regular ice cream and comes in a variety of flavors.

Gelato

A classic Italian dessert, Tiramisu is made of ladyfingers dipped in coffee, layered with a whipped mixture of eggs, sugar, and mascarpone cheese, and flavored with cocoa.

Tiramisu

When in Rome, trying an Espresso is a must. It's a concentrated form of coffee served in small amounts.

Espresso

A popular Italian cocktail, Negroni is made of one part gin, one part vermouth rosso, and one part Campari, garnished with orange peel.

Negroni

Prosecco is a sparkling white wine from Italy. It's a popular choice for aperitivo (pre-dinner drink) in Rome.

Prosecco

New Year's Day

Epiphany

Easter Sunday

Easter Monday

Liberation Day

Labor Day / May Day

Republic Day

Assumption of Mary

All Saints' Day

Feast of the Immaculate Conception

Christmas Day

St. Stephen's Day

Home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Villa d'Este and Hadrian's Villa.

Tivoli

Ancient Roman port city with well-preserved ruins.

Ostia Antica

Castelli Romani

Medieval city known for its Gothic cathedral.

Orvieto

A hilltop village accessible only by a pedestrian bridge.

Civita di Bagnoregio

Birthplace of St. Francis, with a stunning basilica.

Assisi

Vibrant city with rich history, art, and food culture.

Naples

Ancient city preserved under volcanic ash from Mount Vesuvius.

Pompeii

Renaissance city known for its art and architecture.

Florence

Medieval city known for its Palio horse race.

Siena

Island known for its rugged landscape and upscale hotels and shopping.

Capri

Amalfi Coast

Bergamo

Bolzano

Brescia

Cinque Terre

Lake Como

Milan

Sicily

Tuscany

Venice

Piazza Venezia with Christmas lights and decorated tree.

Piazza Venezia square in during the Christmas holidays

Illuminated Christmas tree in Piazza di Spagna at night

Rome is a busy city, so be prepared for crowds, especially during peak tourist season (April to June, September and October).

Pickpocketing can be a problem in crowded areas and on public transportation, so always keep an eye on your belongings.

The city is very walkable, but it also has an extensive public transportation system, including buses, trams, and a metro.

Tipping is not customary in Italy, but you can leave a small amount if you receive exceptional service.

Many shops and restaurants close for a few hours in the afternoon for 'riposo', similar to the Spanish siesta.

It's common to pay a small cover charge ('coperto') in restaurants, which is not a tip but a charge for the bread and service.

Rome's tap water is safe to drink and there are numerous public fountains where you can refill your water bottle for free.

It's considered rude to order a cappuccino after 11 am, as Italians typically only drink it for breakfast.

Most museums and attractions are closed on Mondays.

Rome can be very hot in the summer, with temperatures often exceeding 86°F (30°C), and very cold in the winter, with temperatures often dropping below 32°F (0°C).

It's customary to greet people with a handshake, or two kisses on the cheek (starting from the left) for friends.

Italians are generally relaxed about dress code, but you should dress modestly when visiting religious sites.

Many Romans speak English, especially in the city center and tourist areas, but learning a few basic Italian phrases can be helpful.

The voltage in Italy is 220-240 Volts, so you may need a converter if your devices use a different voltage.

The currency in Italy is the Euro (€). Credit cards are widely accepted, but it's always a good idea to carry some cash.

Pharmacies in Rome are marked by a green cross and are the best place to go for minor health issues.

Smoking is banned in all enclosed public places in Italy, including bars and restaurants.

Rome is in the Central European Time Zone (CET), which is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+1).

Emergency numbers in Italy are 112 for general emergencies, 113 for police, 118 for medical emergencies, and 115 for fire.

Public restrooms can be hard to find in Rome, and many charge a small fee. Restaurants and cafes often reserve their restrooms for customers.

January is the coldest month in Rome, with occasional rain and snow. It's a great time to visit if you prefer fewer crowds and cooler temperatures.

February is still quite chilly, but the days are getting longer. It's a good time to visit museums and historical sites.

March sees the beginning of spring, with temperatures starting to rise. The city starts to bloom, making it a beautiful time to visit.

April is a pleasant month with moderate temperatures. It's a great time to explore the city on foot.

May is warm and sunny, perfect for outdoor activities. The city is vibrant with flowers and greenery.

June is the start of summer, with long, hot days. It's a great time for beach trips and outdoor dining.

July is the hottest month in Rome, with temperatures often exceeding 30°C. It's a great time to visit if you love the heat and sunshine.

August is equally hot, with many locals leaving the city for vacation. It's a good time to visit if you don't mind the heat and smaller crowds.

September sees the start of autumn, with temperatures starting to drop. It's a great time to visit for comfortable weather and fewer tourists.

October is a pleasant month with moderate temperatures. It's a great time to explore the city on foot.

November is cooler, with shorter days and more rainfall. It's a good time to visit museums and indoor attractions.

December is chilly, but the city is beautifully decorated for Christmas. It's a great time to visit for holiday festivities and shopping.

When visiting Rome, Italy, it's important to be aware of the city's Mediterranean climate, which is characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. 

During the summer months, from June to August, temperatures can reach highs of 86°F (30°C) during the day. It's advisable to stay hydrated and wear light, breathable clothing to stay comfortable. Don't forget to apply sunscreen regularly, especially if you're planning to spend a lot of time outdoors exploring the city's historical sites.

The winter months, from December to February, are generally mild with temperatures ranging from 37°F to 57°F (3°C to 14°C). It's a good idea to pack a warm coat, as well as an umbrella or raincoat, as this is when Rome receives most of its rainfall.

Spring and autumn are considered the best times to visit Rome. The weather during these seasons is typically mild and pleasant, with temperatures ranging from 50°F to 70°F (10°C to 21°C). These periods also tend to be less crowded with tourists, making it easier to explore the city.

Regardless of when you visit, remember that weather can be unpredictable. It's always a good idea to check the forecast before your trip and pack accordingly. Also, keep in mind that many of Rome's attractions are outdoors, so be prepared for any weather conditions.

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5-Day Christmas Holiday Itinerary for Couples in Rome, Italy

About Rome, Italy